Systemic family therapy(psychotherapy) TEAM Essay

Systemic family therapy(psychotherapy) TEAM - Essay Example Within the systems approach, there are three different ways problems are approached, namely, the strategic approach, the structural approach and the systemic approach. The strategic family therapist addresses problems in light of uncertain and inconsistent hierarchies within the family system (Watson n.d., p.381). He/she elicits "power and control issues, and directs change by means of family assignments or paradoxical injunctions" (Haley 1976, Madanes 1981, cited in Watson n.d., p.381). A structural family therapist looks into family structure, subsystems, and boundaries with an ideal family structure in mind and tries to reorganize the boundaries of families. The systemic approach has its origin in the work of the Milan therapy team inspired by Mara Selvini Palazzoli along with L.Boscolo, G. Cecchin and G. Prata (Wright & Watson 1991, p.407). Systemic therapy involves conceptualization of family problems from a systemic perspective, which plays an important role in the treatment pr ocess. Systemic therapists offer information and advice that liberate the family and enable them to solve their own problems. A systemic opinion is "offered by conceptualizing the presenting symptom as a solution to some other hypothetical or implied problem that would or could occur should the symptom not be present" (Tomm, cited in Wright & Watson 1991, p.427). This is called reframing. ... They offer different and contradicting views of reality, referred to as split opinions, which enable the family to be more open to change (Wright & Watson 1991, p.428). Therapists require the family to follow a pattern of behavior that is different from what it is used to. This is referred to as a ritual. Rituals help families to make new connections which in turn help them find new realities, leading to change and resolution of issues. The reflecting team In systemic family therapy, a reflecting team consisting of consultants or co-therapists from different fields helps the family in finding its own solution. The family is invited to sit behind a one-way mirror and observe the team's discussion on a previously held conversation between the family and the therapist. The team's voicing out aloud about the family's problems and possible solutions directs the family to consider alternate views of the family situation, problems and possible solutions. Andersen has suggested several assumptions and working guidelines for the reflecting team (cited in Jenkins 1996, p.1). A reflecting team follows the assumption that information needs to shared and not withheld, and based on this, the team can share its thoughts with the family during discussions. When there are multiple ideas discussed, there are different perceptions of reality, and the family's perception of its situation is also enriched on hearing these differences. Consequently, the family gets an opportunity to view its problems and possible solutions from alternate perspectives. These enriched pictures of the family and its dilemma form "an ecology of ideas" (Bogdan, cited in Jenkins 1996, p.1). Listening to the multitude of ideas and opinions of the reflecting team members helps the clients

Not so Good Literature Essay Example for Free

Not so Good Literature Essay Almost half of the population of young people have read and have heard about Stephenie Meyer’s book â€Å"Twilight,† a story about Bella Swan, an average girl borne of a broken marriage and who fell in love with a vampire, Edward Cullen. The book enjoyed much hype among young school girls and some boys as well, especially those in high school. It has provided young hearts and minds with ideals of fairytale love stories and superficial view of love and sacrifice. Twilight has received much popularity, but the question of whether it is a good piece of literature or not has not been given much attention amidst all this hype. Well, let me give you the answer for this: the Twilight books are bad literature, or to fulfill the requirement of the essay, they are not good for literary study. By literature, we mean, â€Å"the class of writings distinguished for beauty of style or expression, as poetry, essays, or history, in distinction from scientific treatises and works which contain positive knowledge; belles-lettres† (Brainymedia. com). Thus, bad literature means not passing the standards of literature from its definition which provides mentions it as â€Å"a class of writings distinguished for its beauty of style or expression† (Brainymedia. com). This paper would justify why Twilight is not good literature on the level of its form: the plot, style, characters, and content: the morals and lessons in life that it can give us. Good literature presents to the readers a complex and realistic plot, a certain literary style employing good use of figurative language and imagery and non-typical original characters. These elements define literary standards which distinguish literature from other forms of written works that claim themselves to be Literature. It adds to the enjoyment of reading and upliftment of the human soul. A good book must then enlighten us with lessons that are useful for us to grow in all aspects, with characters that are positive for us all to emulate. The oldest literary critics have told us to learn how to â€Å"teach and delight† (Plato). Literature is not only there to entertain but also to enlighten human minds about the workings of this life. Books that pass up these criteria can also be shelved with the likes of Charles Dickens, Khalil Gibran, Anne Rice, C. S. Lewis, JRR Tolkien, and Pablo Neruda, to name a few (Pearl). Twilight Does not do Away with the Form Let me go over the form of the novel. That novel did not do much when it comes to plot. It is too obvious and simple: a girl meets a guy. Both belong to different worlds, and both learn to accept each other and come up with sort of a stereotyped â€Å"love against all odds† kind of a relationship. There is nothing new in this kind of story. Next, the literary style used by the author can pass up for an amateur writer’s story book. About three things I was absolutely positive: First, Edward was a vampire; Second, there was a part of him and I didnt know how dominant that part might be that thirsted for my blood; And third, I was unconditionally and irrevocably in love with him. (Meyer qtd. in Goodreads Inc. ) This is a quote from Bella’s narration of Twilight. This would sound more of a giggling girl’s journal entry than that of a respected literary disciple. It is too explicit and superfluous. There are other ways to depict these thoughts. It could be by using images or situations and the like. Another alarming fact here is that Meyer had the inclination to distort archetypes in a not so refined manner. Let us take Edward Cullen as an example. He took off the typical human blood-hungry image of a vampire. It could be credited as a good idea. However, the way Meyer has transformed him into a teenybopper boy-next-door type of character is definitely out of the question. Moreover, it is somehow impossible that an inhuman character like himself can go through the process of falling in love without much justification or establishment that yes, a vampire can also love a human being. In Yahoo answers, one of the members said that â€Å"Edward just tells Bella love lines and [stares] at her, blah. † Twilight Possess Content that Does Not Hit Off to Belong to the Average Thinking Person What lesson can we learn from Twilight? Twilight raucously presents us with the concept that infatuation mistaken for love should be the center of our universe. Bella has met Edward for only quite a time, and they cannot just say that they would want to live with each other forever. It seemed that the love story has been sped up to have itself called a real love story. Bella cannot just walk up to Edward and say that she loves him given the fact that they only had little to no interaction at all when Bella arrived at Forks. What can we learn from Bella? She became a stereotyped damsel in distress who would need to depend upon Edward with her life. I am appalled at how Bella reacts especially on the thought that she will be separated from Edward. Even a Twilight fan made mention of how she did not like this portrayal of Bella as a damsel in distress, and that Bella’s character is also a bad influence among young women (Lichens). It is just a stereotyped fairytale love story. There is nothing much that we can learn from it in both love and life. Khalil Gibran speaks much about love and relationships as thus: But let there be spaces in your togetherness, And let the winds of the heavens dance between you. Love one another but make not a bond of love: Let it rather be a moving sea between the shores of your souls. Fill each others cup but drink not from one cup. Give your hearts, but not into each others keeping. For only the hand of Life can contain your hearts. And stand together, yet not too near together: For the pillars of the temple stand apart, And the oak tree and the cypress grow not in each others shadow. (Gibran) Love is standing strong together and not being together all the time. It is a concept too far away from what Bella Swan and Edward Cullen shared with each other. The book basically entertains with a limited readership of first-time book readers. Not everyone can take these words with ease. The book was able to deceive not a few fans but a large multitude. You can actually locate not a few but many quotes from the novel which you think might disprove my claim that the book lacks good use of figurative language, one of which is indicated right here. Nevertheless, the timeliness or relevance of these quotes was not well-established, and aside from being cliche, they seemed to have been inserted to untimely situations in the novel, and they do not seem so natural anymore. Take this quote for example: â€Å"When life offers you a dream so far beyond any of your expectations, is it not reasonable to grieve when it comes to an end? † (Meyer qtd. in Goodreads Inc. ); or this: â€Å"Ill be back so soon you wont have time to miss me. Look after my heart Ive left it with you† (Meyer qtd. in Goodreads Inc. ). One may also claim that Twilight teaches us good lessons such as being selfless and being willing to sacrifice for love. Let us throw this question back: are the sacrifices that they have made necessary? We cannot expect that the public possesses considerable amount of literariness. Even people present in literary circles hail it as the very best. First-time readers might appreciate it, but there is a strong need to reeducate and process them that there are far more useful books than Twilight. There are books that can follow literary standards and are more substantial. Let us just see how long this book can withstand the test of time and the criticisms of people in the mainstream. Works Cited BrainyMedia. com. â€Å"Definition of Literature. † BrainyQuote. com. 2009. 1 April 2009 http://www. brainyquote. com/words/li/literature185325. html. Gibran, Khalil. â€Å"Chapter 3: Marriage. † The Prophet. n. d. Cypress Online: The Psychic Digest. 1 April 2009 http://www. geocities. com/Athens/5484/Gib03. htm. Goodreads Inc. â€Å"Quotes by Stephenie Meyer. † Good Reads. 2009. 1 April 2009 http://www. goodreads. com/author/quotes/941441. Stephenie_Meyer. Lichens, S. â€Å"A Unique Book in the Trilogy In All A Mix Between [Vastly] Disappointing and [Tragically] Romantic. † Rev. of Eclipse, by Stephenie Meyer. Amazon. com. 13 August 2007. 1 April 2009 http://www. amazon. com/review/RRF68XOR2W8LR. Plato. The Republic. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. South Australia: University of Adelaide, 2005. 1 April 2009 http://ebooks. adelaide. edu. au/p/plato/p71r/. Pearl, Nancy. â€Å"Book Lust. † USA: Sasquatch Books, 2003.

Free Essays - The Characters of Biff and Happy in Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

The Characters of Biff and Happy in Death of a Salesman No one has a perfect life; everyone has conflicts that they must face sooner or later. The ways in which people deal with these personal conflicts can differ as much as the people themselves. Some insist on ignoring the problem for as long as possible, while others face up to the problem immediately to get it out of the way. Biff and Happy Loman are good examples of this, although both start from the same point, they end up going in different directions with Happy still living in his world of lies and Biff, being set free by the truth. Happy Loman is Willy's youngest son and is often over shadowed by his older brother Biff and ignored by his parents. As a result of growing up in Biff's shadow, Happy was always striving for Willy's attention, but never really got it. This is shown when the young Happy is always telling his father "I'm losing weight, you notice, Pop?" The need for attention continues as an adult, but Willy and Linda continue to brush Happy off in much the same way they did when he was younger Happy: "I'm gonna get married, Mom. I wanted to tell you." Linda: "Go to sleep, dear." Due to his being over shadowed by his elder brother Happy has grown up to be a stunted version of Willy's vision of the American Dream. Because of this it is difficult to identify with him; throughout the play he is presented as a one-dimensional character. Although Happy grows up to become more financially successful than his older brother, he lacks even a spark of self-knowledge or capacity for self-analysis. He does however share his father's capacity for self-delusion, declaring himself as the assistant buyer at his store, when, in reality, he is only one of the assistants to the assistant buyer. Biff: "You big blow, are you the assistant buyer? You're one of the two assistants to the assistant, aren't you?" Happy: Well I'm practically- Biff: You're practically full of it!" During Willy's funeral, Happy makes an empty vow, declaring that his father's death would not be in vain, as he was going to realise Willy's dream.

Ebags Case Study

eBags Case Study BUSI: 2003 Operations Management 11/16/2012 The eBags Corporation The purpose of this paper is analyze the business operations of the eBags Corporation, and provide recommendations for both the European luggage market and footwear industry based on current strengths and weaknesses eBags demonstrates. Through research and analysis, as a group we will map out the managing growth of the eBags Corporation. eBags is known for their innovative breakthrough of one stop shopping for luggage such as traditional travel bags and suitcases in addition to travel accessories like handbags, computer cases, and briefcases just to name a few.Operations management is a key component to the success of the eBags Corporation, and eBags has demonstrated innovative and cost effective business strategies by utilizing cross functional teams within their organization. With business growing, eBags has been able to increase their manufacturers from 10 to 300 and product lines increasing from 10 00 Stock Keeping Units (SKU’s) to over 15,000 SKU’s (Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, 2011).Due to the level of success eBags has accomplished they were able to create the eBags product line to consumers seeking low end luggage at an affordable price; the private label consisted of 1000 SKU’s held in a warehouse in Dallas, TX (Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, 2011) With desires of expanding their business eBags faces a number of hurdles in deciding which line of business will best suit their organization, their suppliers and manufacturers, their customers, all while generating the highest profit for their company. eBags Current Product Flow Process AnalysisTo maintain competitive in today’s market companies need to implement effective process flows. With options such as assembly lines, continuous, batch flow, and job shop it is important for companies to chose the option that is best going to fit both production needs and budget constraints. M aking the wrong choice for the product flow process can be very costly for any company; however, implementing the right process can reduce costs and speed up production time. The purpose of eBags is to create one stop shopping for luggage needs and in order to do so a wide variety of products should be available to their consumers. Bag and their manufactures use a made to stock order fulfillment process, and with various manufacturers and the eBags private label produced, eBags felt best to utilize the batch flow or batch production product flow process. This allowed products to be produced in lower volumes while still offering consumers a wide variety of products to choose from. By utilizing the batch flow process, it requires the use of general purpose equipment that does not specialize in making one specific product, which if loaded to full capacity could create a jumbled flow of products (Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, 2011).In order to maintain accurate inventory levels , eBags created the eBags Partner Network (EPN) which allows for the manufactures to post up to date product information to consumers ensuring that discontinued items don’t show available for purchase and consumers know the time needed for back order fulfillment. Analysis of eBags in the Footwear Industry and Recommended Product Flow Process Based on Type of Customer OrderWith such success rates in the luggage industry, eBags saw an opportunity to expand their business into foreign terrain, the footwear industry. With the footwear industry being a well known fragmented market, like the luggage market, allowing for flexibility to produce various different styles, designs, qualities, sizes, and colors while maintaining a competitive price. According to Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham (2011), the footwear industry is three times the size of the luggage industry, so venturing into this market would not be an easy task.Some of the challenges that eBags faced in this market t hat they did not in the luggage market included: making consumers aware of the ability purchase footwear through an online channel and consumers generally want to try their shoes on to make they are getting the right product before purchasing (Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, 2011). However, eBags identified that if they could overcome the hurdles associated with this market they could expand even further with apparel and clothing which Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham (2011), described as the largest online retail market.With hopes to exploit the footwear industry with one stop shopping, eBags should continue to utilize the batch flow process for their product flow process of footwear. With the footwear industry being similarly fragmented to the luggage industry, by using the batch flow process eBags will be able to produce at low to medium volumes allowing for an equally wide line of products to choose from. This will allow customer to order multiple pairs of shoes simu ltaneously so they can try them one and decide which pair is going to best fit their style and comfort needs.With this approach, eBags can also implement the EPN with footwear manufacturers to ensure that up to date products are available eliminating issues of consumers trying to order out of stock or discontinued merchandise. Analysis of eBags in the European Luggage Market and Recommended Product-Process Strategy According to a 2002 report, â€Å"190 million internet users had spread across Europe and surpassed the 165 million internet users in the United States† (Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, 2011, p. 513). Expanding the current line of business would be safe and effective business strategy for eBags with minor hurdles to consider.The luggage industry is not a foreign concept for eBags, so to be able to expand their products into the European market would require similar business strategies that they are currently using. No one consumer is the same therefore their product needs, including luggage will generally not be the same. The goal is to create one stop shopping for consumers in the European market for their luggage needs and in order to accomplish this, eBags will need to provide a variety of products and lines for their new customers to choose from.Some of the issues that eBags faces, according to Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham (2011), are language barriers involved in international shipping, shipping requirements, brand awareness, and maintaining the EPN. To overcome the hurdle of international shipping, eBags can create relationships with manufacturers domestic to the European market. eBags will be able to incur the cost of shipping without having to pay the expenses associated with international shipping unless they made their private label available to the European market.Also, this will allow eBags to mirror the drop ship model that contributed significantly to the success of their organization. To achieve the success eBag s is looking for in this market, it is recommended that eBags continues to utilize the batch flow process for product flow. This also allows for incorporation the EPN into the new market still allowing for their consumers to have up to date product information. This process will continue to meet the business needs of the luggage industry by producing at low volumes but offering flexibility to accommodate products that meet the low, middle and high end of the market.As with the American luggage industry, eBags products will use a made to stock order fulfillment and the manufacturer will be able to control the inventory by using the EPN. Customer Contact Matrix Analysis of eBags: Strengths and Weaknesses of eBags Processes The level of customer contact for eBags is low which puts them at the high end of a buffered system and the low end of the permeable system on the customer contact matrix. The eBags website is set up to help consumers be self sufficient during the ordering process f rom beginning to end, and because there is no interaction involved their customer service is buffered.In the event the consumer needs additional assistance, they can call the customer service center and the phone interaction would fall under permeable on the customer matrix. This can be considered as strength for eBags because â€Å"separating the customer from the service production system allows for greater standardization of processes and therefore better efficiency† (Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, 2011, p. 91). eBags is able to focus their attention on product production and quality management of their products without having consumer interruptions.This is what Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, (2011), refers to as variability from uncertainty, specifically arrival variability. With a made to stock fulfillment, consumers use the eBags website to choose from preselected inventory decided by the manufacturer. This process is also built to have low level custome r contact to eliminate the request variability, which puts eBags at the advantage of having a high efficient system because orders are completed away from the customer. Weaknesses with a low level customer ontact causes eBags to miss out additional business opportunities. According to Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham (2011), high customer contact allows for opportunities to up-sell the customer with accessories or additional sale items in creating more revenue for the company. If eBags entered the footwear industry, eventually expanding into apparel and clothing, they will miss out on great deal of potential revenue. Secondly, consumers who have difficulties navigating through the eBags website will cost eBags a sale resulting in loss of business.Analysis of eBags Use of Technology in Providing Competitive Customer Service Technology it vital to business of eBags as all of their business transactions occur through the internet, so it is important that eBags employs a high skill ed technology department to ensure business runs smoothly. The systematic technology used allows the consumer to filter their results by type brand, features, color, price, by size, etc, making it easy and quick to find the right product (Horwitt, 2011). To enhance the customer experience eBags has invested a great deal into the online shopping experience for their consumers.According to PRNewswire (2012), eBags has implemented the FreeFlow system, which has allowed them to provide better rich product information to their consumers with limited interruptions in website downloads. eBags also incorporated what is referred to as ColdFusion software, which will create the ultimate customer experience by creating personalized stores for their consumers (PRNewswire, 2012). The personalized store will track the customers spending habits and provide product recommendations based on previous purchased items. Another important way the internet is used to provide competitive customer service i s through the EPN.The EPN is a way to connect the consumer with up to date product information, and with the scorecard system the manufacturers can track product sales, returns, and customer feedback (Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, 2011). Analysis of eBags’ Useof Three Aspects of the â€Å"Philosophy of Lean† Lean business practices are important to corporation survival in today’s business market. Companies are looking for ways to stay in business by bringing new products to the market with faster delivery times and higher standards of quality.In order to stay in competition with the surrounding market most of today’s businesses have incorporated lean thinking into their business practices by adopting some if not all of the five lean tenets. The five tenets are: 1) what about product or service creates value, 2) improve value stream for each product or service, 3) flow within a process is simple, smooth, and error free, reducing waste, 4) produce only what is pulled by the customer, 5) strive for perfection ((Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, 2011).The first tenet that eBags demonstrates is creating both a product and a service that adds value for their consumers. eBags carries a wide selection of products and labels to choose from all while offering their customers the convenience to one stop shop from anywhere with an internet connection. This has saved eBags’ customers time and money from having to travel to a retail store that may or may not have what they are looking for.According to Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham (2011), this lean tenet has allowed eBags to compete on product breadth, selection, and convenience instead of price. The second tenet that eBags demonstrates is improvement of value stream mapping by incorporated the drop-ship model, which is another way putting the customer in contact with the manufacturer by eliminating the middleman. With the customer orders going directly to the manufac turer, eBags was able to eliminate the middle man (retail merchant location), and create a direct customer-manufacturer relationship.The visual representation described on page 509 of Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham (2011), shows the customer placing their order on the eBags website, eBags then sends the order to the manufacturer electronically, the manufacturer ships the merchandise to the customer, eBags provides the customer with the shipping tracking number and customer is billed for the merchandise, the manufacturer sends eBags an invoice, and finally the manufacturer is paid.The third tenet seen by eBags is the creating simple, smooth, and error free process flows that reduce waste, which can be seen through the incorporation of EPN. Because this system allows the manufacturers to control inventory levels eBags has been able to avoid any waste associated with inventory costs and reduce overhead costs. Also, according to Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham (2011), eBags was able to effectively market their products by removing items that were out of order or discontinued. Bags’ Service Blueprint for Current Product Line Analysis and Recommendation Regarding Business Process Reengineering The basic service blue print is as follows: Based on the group analysis of this service blueprint it is not recommended for eBags to consider a process reengineering. The goal of a process reengineering is to redesign and integrate the business process to increase customer satisfaction. eBags have set themselves apart from their competition with their service blueprint, and any changes can be considered a waste.Footwear Industry Quality Control Analysis and Recommendations The footwear industry is very different from the luggage industry, shoes will be on a person and a level of comfort is important when configuring quality control. One step in maintaining quality control in the footwear industry is to recruit manufacturers with reputable quality assurance guidelines such as material inspection, testing, and final inspections of product before shipped to the consumer. It is also important that the manufacturers hire knowledgeable, competent, and skilled staff to ensure that all quality standards are being met.A second step in quality control, according to Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham (2011), is to clearly identify the needs of the consumers. Once consumer needs are identified the consumer is not lost from the picture, consumer input is needed design specifications with the use of quality function deployment. This can also include information regarding consumer identified life expectancy of the shoes being produced consumers are not going to spend money on shoes that they are going to have to replace every 6 months. Malcolm Baldrige Award Analysis and Recommendation(s)Established in 1987, the Malcolm Baldrige Awarad was created to encourage businesses to strive for higher quality performance through management practices and im proved quality results (Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, 2011). Spread between seven (7) categories: 1) leadership, 2) strategic planning, 3) customer focus, 4) measurement, analysis, and knowledge management, 5) workforce focus, 6) process management, 7) results; the Malcolm Baldrige Award allows for 1000 total points combined between the seven categories measuring quality assurance.As judges for the Malcolm Baldrige Award, our assessment of eBags Incorporated for this strategic award is as follows: Category and Items (2010):| Points| Comments| | | | | 1. Leadership| | | 1. 1. | Senior Leadership| 70| Senior management work collaboratively to analyze previous results and asses future business ventures| 1. 2. |   Governance and Social Responsibilities| 50| According to PRNews (2012), eBags partnered with Susan G Komen to create â€Å"pink program†. Over 900 pink items offered that eBags contributes 10% of retail sales to the Komen Foundation. | 2. Strategic Planning| | | 2. | Strategy Development| 40| Created one-stop shopping for consumers, incorporated the drop-ship model, and added EPN and vendor scorecard to website to keep consumers informed| 2. 2| Strategy Deployment| 30| Meeting to discuss future business plans for eBags (Footwear Industry or European Market) based on previous years sales numbers| 3. Customer Focus| | | 3. 1| Customer Engagement| 40| Customer engagement can be seen in what Yahoo (2012), called the â€Å"Bag an iPad† campaign that created flexibility in customer interaction by expanding to the channels that consumers use most to communicate. 3. 2| Voice of the Customer| 45| Voice of the customer can be seen through the EPN, manufactures and other consumers can read reviews and testimonials. This gives eBags an opportunity to learn what consumers want and make changes to their products and prcesses if needed. | 4. Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management| | 4. 1| Measurement, Analysis, and Improvement of Organ ization Performance| 40| This category reiterates the EPN and vendor score card system. Manufacturers are able to measure performance and use feedback to incorporate innovated ways to increase sales| 4. | Management of Information, Knowledge, and information technology| 40| ExtractTarget program, consumers receive up to date product and sales information, consumer reviews, and receive discount coupons. | 5. Workforce Focus| | | 5. 1| Workforce Engagement| 10| No information provided to support this category| 5. 2| Workforce Environment| 10| No information provided to support this category| 6. Process Management| | | 6. 1| Work Systems| 30| Maintaining the internet to avoid congestion within the website.Flow of the drop ship model| 6. 2| Work Processes| 45| eBags work processes is reflected through their improvement of work systems. | 7. Results| | | 7. 1| Product Outcomes| 90| I believe eBags has a strong product outcome by offering the customers products in the high, middle, and lo w end of the market| 7. 2| Customer-Focused Outcomes| 70| The process of the drop-ship model from eBags demonstrates how effective the experience is with the company, from shopping, to delivery to the vendor getting paid. 7. 3| Financial and Market Outcomes| 65| The financial and market outcomes at eBags have been set by their determination to offer more than 700 different brands to its market. This is done through cross functional teams within each department of eBags| 7. 4| Workforce-Focused Outcomes| 65| | 7. 5| Process Effectiveness Outcomes| 70| The process of the drop-ship model from eBags demonstrates how effective the experience is with the company, from shopping, to delivery to the vendor getting paid. | 7. | Leadership Outcomes| 70| By utilizing cross functional teams to create efficient and effective product and process flows, eBags has been able to shine among the industry setting precedence for future businesses. | | | | | | Total | 880| | In conclusion even though eBag s has some strong characteristics that can be appreciated in quality management it also has some weaknesses that can be improved on. These weaknesses impede eBags attempts at trying to win the Malcolm Baldridge Award. Analysis and Recommendation(s) for eBags Supply Chain Improvements The supply chain of eBags has been slimmed down as low as it can get.By implementing the drop ship model and EPN, all those involved in the supply chain are needed and the current processes are keeping consumers happy with wide selections of merchandise that can fit any style. It is recommendation that eBags is not in need of improvement in structure or infrastructure. By maintaining cross functional teams in product and process development eBags can stay on top of the competition by implementing innovative ways to improve process flows. Conclusion Over the years eBags has made a big name for itself being named Internet Retailer Magazine’s Top 50 Websites (Schroeder, Goldstein, & Rungusanatham, 2 011).With hopes to expand, eBags can venture into a brand new industry that can eventually open more doors or they can expand their current market into the unknown terrain of Europe. Both ventures will require cross functional teams to ensure that consumer wants and needs are addressed while creating process flows that will generate revenue for the company. Regardless of the industry eBags continues to expand in, the use of batch flow process and made to stock order process will accommodate any needs within any industry. Bags has set precedence for their innovate ways of conducting business such as with the drop ship model, EPN, vendor scorecard system, private label, and one stop shopping with the use of technology. eBags has also adapted well to current business practices and implanted the five tenets of lean which was a vital part of their success during a time of economic crisis. By conducting all business transactions, eBags has been deemed a low customer contact company becaus e all contact is done through the eBags website or on the phone with customer service representatives.Although eBags is missing out on opportunities for up-sale because of limited customer engagement, they make up their losses by saving consumers time and money from having to travel for their luggage needs. eBags scored rather high with the Malcolm Baldrige Award but was not quite at the mark to win. The category that had the biggest impact was workforce focus and very little information was available to support a higher score in this category. eBags can work on all areas in this category for improvement to secure a win of the Malcolm Baldrige Award.References: PRNewswire. (2012). eBags. com Raises Breast Cancer Awareness Year-Round with Pick Pink Program. Retrieved November 9, 2012 from http://www. prnewswire. com/news-releases/ebagscom-raises-breast-cancer-awareness-year-round-with-pick-pink-program-57176017. html PRNewswire. (2012). eBags. com Redefines Customer Service with Cutt ing-Edge Internet Technology. Retrieved November 2, 2012 from http://www. prnewswire. com/news- releases/ebagscom-redefines-customer-service-with-cutting-edge-internet-technology-73251862. html Horwitt, E. (2011).The Systematic Web gets Down to Business. Retrieved November 3, 2012 from http://www. computerworld. com/s/article/9209118/The_semantic_Web_gets_down_to_business Schroeder, R. G. , Goldstein, S. M. , & Rungusanatham, M. J. (2011). Operations management: contemporary concepts and cases. (5th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Yahoo Finance. (2012). eBags Boosts Fall Sales with New ExactTarget-Powered Cross Channel Marketing on Facebook, Email, and Mobile. Retrieved November 10, 2012 from http://finance. yahoo. com/news/ebags-boosts-fall-sales-exacttarget-153000369. html.

Maths

GCSE Mathematics Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes For first teaching from September 2010 For first examination in Summer 2011 For first award in Summer 2012 Subject Code: 2210 Foreword The awarding bodies have prepared new specifications to comply with revised GCSE criteria. The specimen examination papers accompanying new specifications are provided to give centres guidance on the structure and character of the planned examinations in advance of the first examination.It is intended that the specimen papers and mark schemes contained in this booklet will help teachers and students to understand, as fully as possible, the markers’ expectations of candidates’ responses to the types of questions set at GCSE level. These specimen papers and mark schemes should be used in conjunction with CCEA’s GCSE Mathematics specification. GCSE Mathematics Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes Contents Specimen Papers Unit T1 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T2 Mathematics (Foundatio n Tier) Unit T3 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T4 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 1Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 2 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 1 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 2 1 3 23 43 63 83 93 107 121 Mark Schemes General Marking Instructions Unit T1 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T2 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T3 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T4 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 1 Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 2 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 1 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 2 133 135 137 143 149 157 163 167 171 175 Subject Code QAN 2210 500/7925/6A CCEA Publication  © 2010 You may download further copies of this publication from www. ccea. org. uk SPECIMEN PAPERS DIVIDER PAPER FRONT 1 SPECIMEN PAPERS DIVIDER PAPER BACK 2 Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2011 Mathematics For Examine r’s use only Question Marks Number Unit T1 (With calculator) Foundation Tier [CODE] SPECIMEN EXAMINATION PAPER TIME 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.Answer all twenty five questions. Any working should be clearly shown in the spaces provided since marks may be awarded for partially correct solutions. You may use a calculator for this paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Functional elements will be assessed in this paper. Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 6 and 23. You should have a calculator, ruler, compasses and a protractor.The formula sheet is overleaf. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 T otal Marks 3 Foundation Tier Formulae Sheet Area of trapezium = 1 (a + b)h 2 Volume of prism = area of cross section ? length 4 Answer all questions 1 (a) Write 80% as a decimal Answer _____________ [1] Answer ___________ % [1] Answer_____________________ [1] Answer_____________ [1] Answer_____________ [1] (b) Write 0. 35 as a percentage (c) Write 48 million in figures (d) 5729 people attended a football match. Write the number 5729 to (i) the nearest 10 (ii) the nearest 100 2 (a)Find the next 2 terms in the sequence and explain the rule you used: 6, 11, 16, 21, _____, ______ Rule _________________________________________________ [3] (b) Find the next term in the sequence 0. 2, 0. 4, 0. 8, 1. 6, _______ [1] 5 3 The diagram shows a tiled patio in the shape of a rectangle 3 by 16, covered with 48 square tiles. Write down the length and width of 2 other possible rectangles which can be covered with 48 of these square tiles. Answer__________ by__________ __________ by__________ 4 [1] [1 ] Michael recorded the colours of cars in the school car park in a tally chart. ColourTally Frequency Red |||| 4 Blue || 2 Yellow ||| Black |||| || White |||| |||| Silver |||| Green |||| (a) Complete the frequency column. [1] (b) On the grid opposite, draw a frequency diagram to show this information. [3] 6 (c) What is the most popular colour of car in the car park? Answer_________________ (d) [1] Using the frequency table, write down the fraction of the total cars which are yellow. Answer_________________ 7 [1] 5 (a) (i) Shade the major segment in the circle below [1] (ii) (b) PQ is called a _________________ of the circle. (i) Shade the minor sector in the circle below. 1] [1] (ii) OS is called a _______________ of the circle. 8 [1] 6 The table below shows the percentage of pupils at a High School who obtained a grade C or better in GCSE Mathematics during the past five years. Year % of pupils (a) 2004 75 2005 78 2006 82 2007 84 2008 90 Which year showed the smallest improvement? Answer______________ (b) [1] Your quality of written communication will be assessed in this question The school wants to show this information using a statistical diagram. Which type of diagram would you use? Answer__________________________ [1] Give a reason for your answer. _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7 [2] Here is a list of numbers 25 27 32 35 8 21 9 (a) From the list write down those numbers which are (i) multiples of 5 Answer____________ (ii) [1] Answer____________ [1] factors of 54 9 (b) From the list of numbers (i) calculate the mean Answer_____________ Answer_____________ (ii) 8 [2] [2] find the median In a mid season sale a clothing shop has 20% off all its items. Clare bought a dress which originally cost ? 50 and a hat which originally cost ? 25 (a)How much did she save in the sale? Answer ? _____________ Answer ? _____________ (b) 9 [2] [1] Answer_____________ [2] What wa s her total bill? Simplify 5p ? 2r ? 3p + 5r 10 10 (a) Jo bought 6 roses at 67p each. What change did she get from a ? 5 note? Answer ? _____________ (b) Five kilograms of potatoes and two kilograms of onions cost ? 4. 10 in total. The potatoes cost 62p per kilogram. How much would it cost in total to buy one kilogram of potatoes and one kilogram of onions? Answer ? _____________ 11 [2] [4] The brick shown below is in the form of a cuboid, measuring 6. 4 metres by 3. metres by 2. 6 metres. Calculate the volume of the brick. Answer_____________ 11 [3] 12 Calculate (a) the square root of 1. 44 Answer_____________ Answer_____________ (e) 13 [2] Answer_____________ (d) [1] Answer_____________ (c) [1] Answer_____________ (b) [1] [2] the cube of 2. 8 2. 32 ? 1. 69 3 of 125 5 5. 62 ? 3. 4 The table below gives the maximum and minimum temperatures of six different cities in Europe in March. City Belfast Minimum 2 ° C Dublin ?1 ° C 9 ° C London 4 ° C 16 ° C Edinburgh 0 ° C 11 ° C Barcelona 10 ° C 19 ° C 8 ° C 20 ° C Paris (a) Maximum 10 ° C Which minimum temperature was the lowest?Answer____________________ ° C 12 [1] (b) In two of these cities the temperatures had increased from minimum to maximum by 12 ° C. Write down the names of these two cities. Answer____________________ and ____________________ [2] What is the difference in minimum temperature between Dublin and Paris? (c) Answer_____________ ° C 14 [1] Answer_______________ [1] Answer_____________ % [1] Answer_____________ % [1] Results of a Year 12 Physics test 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 0 2 7 4 6 Key 5 4 (a) 5 1 5 8 6 7 6 8 9 7 9 8 9 9 means 54% How many pupils sat the Physics test? (b) What is the modal percentage mark? c) What is the range of percentage marks? 13 15 The diagram shows the plan for a rectangular garden. Calculate (a) the area of the garden Answer____________m2 [2] Answer____________m2 [2] (b) the area of the plot for the trees A border needs to be dug around the perimeter of the garden. (c) Calculate the perimeter of the garden. Answer____________m 14 [2] 16 The diagram shows a pizza which has been divided into 8 equal parts. The shaded parts are eaten. (a) Write down, as a fraction in its lowest terms, the fraction that is eaten. Answer_____________ Answer___________ % (b) 17 [2] [1]What percentage is left uneaten? Which fractions from the list given below are not equivalent to 2 ? 3 8 10 16 4 12 , , ,, 12 15 28 6 16 Answer_____________ 15 [2] 18 In a survey 300 men were asked which sport they liked best. The pie-chart below shows the results. (a) Measure the angle which represents Basketball. Answer_____________? (b) [1] What fraction of men chose Rugby as their favourite sport? Answer_____________ (c) [1] Answer_____________ [2] How many men chose Hurling as their favourite sport? 16 19 (a) Expand 3(x + 1) Answer______________ [2] Answer_____________ [2] (b) Solve 2y + 3 = 19 0 In the diagram the point P (? 4, 4) has been plotted. (a) Plot the follow ing points on the diagram, labelling clearly Q (? 2, ? 3), R (5, ? 3) and S (3, 4) [3] (b) Join up the points in order and name the quadrilateral formed. Answer____________________ 17 [1] 21 (Diagram not drawn accurately) Calculate (a) x x = ___________? [1] y = ___________? [1] (b) y 22 Draw the net of the matchbox tray (no lid) shown in the diagram, which has base 5cm by 3cm and height 2cm, on the square grid provided. [3] 18 23 Your quality of written communication will be assessed in this question Fred has just won ? 00. 1 1 of it to his son, James. He has promised of it to his daughter, Kathy and 5 4 How much will he have left after he gives Kathy and James their shares? Show clearly each step of your working out. Answer ? _____________ 19 [4] 24 The positions of two towns A and B are shown on the grid. (a) A third town C is 3km east and 2km north of A. Using a scale of 1cm = 0. 5km, show the position of C. (b) [2] How far is C from A? Answer_____________km 20 [3] 25 The follow ing information shows how Sinead spends her time on a Saturday. Activity Cleaning Watching TV Number of hours 2 Using Shopping he Exercising Internet 5 4 3 2 Sleeping 8 Draw a pie chart to illustrate this data. [4] 21 ___________________________________________ THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER ___________________________________________ 22 Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2011 Mathematics Unit T2 (With calculator) Foundation Tier [CODE] SPECIMEN EXAMINATION PAPER TIME 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in the question paper.Answer all twenty three questions. Any working should be clearly shown in the spaces provided since marks may be awarded for partially correct solutions. You may use a calculator for this paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Figures in b rackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Functional Elements will be assessed in this paper. Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 5 and 17. You should have a calculator, ruler, compasses and protractor. The formula sheet is overleaf.For Examiner’s use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Total Marks 23 Foundation Tier Formulae Sheet Area of trapezium = 1 (a + b)h 2 Volume of prism = area of cross section ? length 24 Answer all questions 1 Five kilograms of potatoes and two kilograms of onions cost ? 4. 10 in total. The potatoes cost 62p per kilogram. How much would it cost in total to buy one kilogram of potatoes and one kilogram of onions? Answer ? _____________ 2 Answer_____________ (a) [4] [2] Answer_____________ [2] Simplify 5p ? 2r ? 3p + 5r (b) Expand ?2(2y ? 3) 25 3 Calculate a) the cube of 2. 8 Answer______________ Answer__ ____________ (b) (c) [1] [1] Answer______________ [2] 2. 32 + 1. 69 5. 62 ? 3. 4 26 4 Results of a Year 12 Physics test 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 0 2 7 4 6 Key 5 4 (a) 5 1 5 8 6 7 6 8 9 7 9 8 9 9 means 54% How many pupils sat the Physics test? Answer_____________ (b) [1] What is the modal percentage mark? Answer___________% Answer___________% (c) 5 [1] [1] What is the range of percentage marks? Quality of written communication will be assessed in this question Fred has just won ? 900 1 1 He has promised of it to his daughter Kathy, and of it to his son James. 4 How much will he have left after he gives Kathy and James their shares? Show clearly each step of your working out. Answer ? ______________ 27 [4] 6 The positions of two towns A and B are shown on the grid. (a) A third town C is on a bearing of 120? from B and at a distance of 2. 5 km from B. Using a scale of 1 cm = 0. 5km, show the position of C. [3] (b) How far is C from A? Answer _____________ km [2] 28 7 The following information sho ws how Sinead spends her time on a Saturday. Activity Cleaning Watching TV Shopping Number of hours 2 5 4 Using the Exercising Internet 3 2 Sleeping 8Draw a pie chart to illustrate this data. [4] 8 Solve (a) x = 15 4 Answer x = _____________ (b) [1] Answer y = _____________ [2] 6y ? 2 = 13 29 9 Write down the next two numbers in the sequence 11, 10, 8, 5, ____, _____ Answer________, _________ 10 [2] In the diagram the volume of the cuboid is 48cm3. It holds exactly 48 sugar cubes each 1cm by 1cm by 1cm. The length of the cuboid is 4cm and the breadth is 3cm. (a) What is the height of the cuboid? Answer_____________ (b) Write down the dimensions of another cuboid that the 48 cubes could fit into exactly. Answer______cm by______cm by______cm 1 (a) [3] Find the value of [1] 3. 8 ? 6. 2 giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place. 9. 1 ? 2. 7 Answer_____________ 30 [2] (b) A plasma TV has a marked price of ? 790 In a sale its price is reduced by 15% What is the sale price of the TV? A nswer ? _____________ (c) [3] Mary’s family drink 3 cartons of orange juice in 5 days. How many cartons would Mary need to buy to last a full week? Answer _____________cartons 12 [3] Write down an expression for the total cost of x bars of chocolate at 35p each and y bottles of water at 50p each. Answer_______________________ 31 [2] 13Draw the graph of y = 4x–3 on the grid below. [3] 14 (Diagram not drawn accurately) The quadrilateral shown has angles x, 79? , 3x, and 97? Work out the value of x Answer x = _________________o 32 [4] 15 (a) (Diagram not drawn accurately) In the triangle ABC shown above BC = 8. 5 cm and AX = 6. 4 cm. Calculate the area of the triangle ABC. Answer___________________cm2 [2] (b) (Diagram not drawn accurately) ABCDE is a regular pentagon, with O as its centre. Calculate the size of angle AOB. Answer Angle AOB = _____________? 33 [2] 16 Find the area of a circle with a diameter of 3 metres.Take ? = 3. 14 Answer___________________m2 17 (a) [2] The speeds, in miles per hour, of the cars passing the gates of a primary school during lunch hour are recorded in the table below. Speed (mph) No. of cars 0–5 2 6–10 5 11–15 34 16–20 61 21–25 29 26–30 4 Represent this information using a bar chart. [3] 34 (b) Which is the modal class interval? Answer________________ (c) [1] Your quality of written communication will be assessed in this question Katy wants to know how many times a month, on average, the people in her town go to the cinema. She asks 200 people in her school.Explain why Katy’s sample may not be representative of the people in her town. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 35 [2] 18 (a) Write 72 as a product of prime factors Answer______________ (b) [2] Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 72 and 108 Answer______________ Answer______________ (c) 19 [2] [2] Find the highest comm on factor (HCF) of 72 and 108 Susan puts ? 1700 in her bank account at 4. 2% simple interest each year. Calculate the total amount in her bank account after 3 years. Answer ? ________________ 36 [3] 0 (a) Expand and simplify 4(2 – 3x) + 3(x + 4) Answer________________ Answer________________ [2] Answer x =________________ (b) [2] [3] Answer________________ [2] Expand x ( x 2 – 6) (c) Solve for x 7x + 18 = 2(x – 6) 21 (a) ? A regular polygon has an exterior angle of 18 Find the number of sides in the polygon. 37 (b) The diagram shows a play tent in the shape of a triangular prism. Calculate the volume of the tent. Answer_____________________cm3 38 [6] 22 A teacher recorded the number of hours 50 students used the internet over a 7 day period. The information is shown in the table below. Number of Hours 0? h